Monday, December 30, 2013

#199 - Jennifer's Body (2009) Review


Jennifer's Body (2009), Karyn Kusama
3/5

Totally absurd though this film is, I found it really intriguing and funny. Mostly it's the dry sharp writing that make this film awesome. Performances are also good, considering the characters are so transparent, making this a really effective horror-comedy. Playing with all the cliche's this film is all round just a lot of fun, a very different sort of high school teen movie, from the same writer as Juno.

#198 - The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2013) Review & Analysis


The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2013), Peter Jackson
3/5

Much improved from the first instalment of the Hobbit trilogy. Watching the film in 3D with High Frame Rate (HFR) was also much better than the first film. This, I believe was more due to my own acceptance and adjustment to the format, than it was to the quality of the format itself. Having said that, the 3D felt a lot less invasive than the first and a lot more polished, so it didn't really take you out of the story as much. Also, the film was a lot better paced and had a lot less dwarvish silliness, instead it was a lot more action based. Bilbo (Martin Freeman) was already established as a character and was a real stand out performance and central focus that guided the story. Also this film focused more on a few of the dwarf characters than the first film was focused on establishing all 13 dwarf characters which was more muddled and confusing. Unlike in the Rings movies, where the Fellowship of the Ring (2001) was by far my favourite film, I liked the Desolation of Smaug a lot more than An Unexpected Journey (2012). Having said all this, there was a vast number of changes from the book in this film, making it a lot more sinister and action oriented. This isn't just the addition of including Gandalf's concurrent story from the appendices, but a lot of character and plot deviations from the major story. Overall the film was a lot of fun, the 3D wasn't a gimmick, and not very distracting. While there were some ridiculous scenes that weren't realistic, it was a fun fantasy action film, that should be viewed very separately from the original novel.

Analysis

***Spoilers***

There were many surprising changes from the novel and I felt it was an unusual and unexpected "prologue" or intro to the second film. The film opens on a scene of Bree very similar to the scene and shots depicted in The Fellowship of the Ring (2001). Even down to the cameo of Peter Jackson which is hard to miss, considering it is the very first shot of the film reprising his role from his cameo in Fellowship (2001). This scene was more about nostalgia for me as it is very reminiscent of the scene in Fellowship (2001). However, I think the use of the conversation between Gandalf and Thorin tied in really nicely the aim and story set up for this bridging film; Thorin's quest to "reclaim my homeland. 

Beorn and Gandalf

The first major change was the role of Beorn (pronounced strangely in the film as "Bee-Orn"). In the book Beorn is described as a sort of dangerous yet joyous and raucous character and the very humorous scene where Gandalf gets a couple of dwarves to approach his home at a time. Instead he is depicted more as a fantastical beast "skin-changer" who chases the dwarves down into his own home. The action pace is much more prominent, and thus his role changed in order to serve this plot purpose. Another couple of minor changes which I think are significant is that Beorn's character in the book only changes at twilight for night time, whereas in the film he changes a couple of times during the day. The charitable view of this would be to say that it was twilight not full daylight when these scenes occurred. However the character depiction is very different from the book character although there are a lot of minor details in the background that are from the book, especially the bee keeping and honey and other barn animals all around his home. 

Beorn in his bear form attacking the dwarves

The pacing was a lot faster and the company quickly move into Mirkwood where Gandalf splits off from the rest of the company. A minor detail that I was disappointed they didn't include is Gandalf's numerous warnings in the book for the dwarves not to drink of any water from the forest, stating that it was unwholesome instead Gandalf says something along the lines of the air being somewhat poisonous or dangerous to breath. Then follows a montage of the company getting lost in the forest and a sort of hallucinogenic sequence. This deviates quite a lot from the descriptions from the book. 

"There was no movement of air down under the forest-roof, and it was everlasting still and dark and stuffy." (Tolkien, J., 1996, p. 129). 

The company in Mirkwood

Mirkwood as depicted by Alan Lee

There is a much more ominous and eerie feel to the chapter Flies and Spiders in the book, depicting pitch darkness and eyes peering at them in the darkness. Instead the film moves quickly on to the action fight sequence with the spiders which far from being separate like it is in the book, but slides quickly into the elf sequence. Having said that the spiders in the film worked quite effectively, even down to the inclusion of the spiders talking. This aspect worked really well and fit in with Bilbo's use of the ring, which is revealed in The Two Towers book that the wearer of the ring can understand different tongues. It is revealed when Sam is watching the gate in the mountains of Mordor and listens to the Orc captains discussion. 

Bilbo fights the spiders in Mirkwood.

Most of the use of the ring in Desolation of Smaug (2013) works really effectively, although it was difficult to see when Bilbo was wearing the ring and in the shadow world, which is precisely Tolkien's description in the Lord of the Rings. In fact the whole spider sequence felt very similar to the scene in the Two Towers (2002) film especially in Bilbo's fighting style with the spiders. Bilbo's fight with the spiders was somewhat different from the book the Hobbit although it did represent the spirit of the chapter where Bilbo finds his courage, and leads the spiders away and rescues the dwarves. The film depicts a much more action fight sequence instead of in the book where he toys and distracts the spiders in order to help the dwarves escape. After the spider sequence in the book, the dwarves find themselves lost and chase the firelight and sounds of celebration getting more and more disoriented towards the heart of the forest. Instead the elves break into the spider fight, killing many of them and find themselves face to face with the dwarves and taking them captive. Quite effectively this moves the pace along, however I think it seems to be another unnecessary change from the original text. Also it introduced Tauriel an elvish character completely created by the film creators. Functioning as a plot device there is also a number of nice scenes between Tauriel and Kili, with a hint of romantic interest, kind of creating somewhat of a love triangle between Tauriel, Kili and Legolas. Legolas also features heavily in the film, something I think was a great addition that was plausible from the source material and fitted in nicely.  

Tauriel

Scenes in the elf kingdom were really effective and quite humorous, even down to the drunken keeper of the keys. Bilbo really comes into his own helping the dwarves escape the elvish dungeons, mirroring nicely the book. Thranduil's (Lee Pace) character is also well developed during these scenes and makes some sense the small introduction of him in An Unexpected Journey. Seeming to be a consistent trend in this film is that it really is the second half of the first film, where a lot of the character introductions and plots are either tied up or further developed, making more sense out of the hodgepodge that was the first film. 

Gandalf entering Dol Guldur

Meanwhile during this whole section of the story, Gandalf is off on his journey to Dol Guldur which is nicely integrated into the rest of the action in the dwarvish story. Even Radagast the brown wasn't nearly so annoying in his scenes compared to the first film. If only this had been how he was portrayed in the first film; a lot more serious if slightly nervous and mystical, rather than his ridiculous "rustabell rabbits". Overall this section was satisfyingly ominous, and while casual viewers may have been perplexed as Sauron depicted as clouds of black smoke-like substance, it was so satisfying for this to be accurately portrayed from the books. They did include a number of shots of the eye of Sauron as well as a shadow of his figure, wreathed in flame which should have been explanation enough for those who have only seen the Lord of the Rings films. 

The dwarves stuffed into the elf barrels

Moving on the Barrels out of bond sequence, this was quite funny and in keeping of the spirit of the book for the beginning, but quickly diverged into another drawn out action sequence. The elves and the orcs both converge upon the dwarves and it quickly turns into an action fight sequence. Tauril's character has surprisingly been nicely developed as something of a warrior who defies orders and has more of an invested interest in the rest of Middle Earth compared with the greedy and selfish Thranduil. Legolas seems quite taken with her and follows her and chases the orc horde. I'm kind of predicting that Tauriel will die in the battle of five armies in the last film, in keeping with the fact that Legolas never marries, so as to be consistent with the Rings films. This would also be a nice drama and tragic ending along with the other deaths in the battle of five armies. 

The dwarves escaping on the barrels and fighting the orcs

Managing to reach the safety of the edges of Laketown they meet Bard. Bard's character has been significantly developed for the film, including his use as a smuggler to get the dwarves into Lake Town and also emotional development with his dead wife and his children. Stephen Fry as the Master of Lake Town is quite silly although his role is rather pompous and absurd, but thankfully a small role, finally discovers the dwarves and welcomes them although Bilbo's cold is left out of the film version, much to my chagrin. Also, the story of the black arrow and Smaug is introduced setting up Bard's role later in the story really nicely. 

The dwarves finally reach the mountain, leaving some behind, which is kind of unnecessary, as is the dramatic inclusion of Kili's wound which seems just to be a reason to bring Tauriel and Legolas to Lake Town for another Orc battle. Once they finally reach the mountain in the nick of time, the dwarves seem far too eager to just give up there quest, believing they've missed their chance, although this scene brings Bilbo's character to the fore, nicely mirroring Frodo's solving of the riddle to get the company into Moria. Strangely, this is all quite backwards as the hobbit films are kind of mirroring the rings films, although it's supposed to be earlier, so Peter Jackson is back peddling a lot of the stuff that occurred and was depicted in the Rings films. 

Smaug as depicted in the Hobbit film

 Smaug as depicted by different artists




Further to this the Smaug riddles are kind of deleted from the dragon sequence in favour of this overly drawn out action sequence which is ridiculous on a number of levels, but at this point in the film, there's been so much that makes no sense, it seems plausible! Smaug is animated convincingly although I think his long necked design quite different from Tolkien's drawing of Smaug and of most dragons. Surprisingly the voice of Smaug isn't jarring at all because these films are quite silly in tone and much more akin to the Chronicles of Narnia which include talking animals than they are to the Rings films.  

Overall the last action sequence of the film is just totally unbelievable and ends on a predictable cliffhanger. Although, I had anticipated the film would end with Smaug's demise by Bard's black arrow. I think this will seem rather strange and out of place considering, the destruction of Lake Town, doesn't really feel like introduction to another film, but rather a conclusion. Things that need to be tied up in the next film are the white orc, Gandalf's imprisonment at Dol Guldur, where presumably Galadriel will make an appearance and of course the battle of Five armies and the confrontation with Thraduil and the dwarves. The Arkenstone seems to have been developed and will continue to be a focus into the third film. 



Sunday, December 29, 2013

#197 - Liberal Arts (2012) Review


Liberal Arts (2012), Josh Radnor
2.5/5

Pretentious from beginning to end, but what can you really expect from a film titled "Liberal Arts". Having said that, the characters are funny, if somewhat annoying at times. It turns into a later stage coming of age film, that overtly states the meaning, and is in no way artistic. The characters feels like mechanics rather than rounded characters, all for the purpose of the main characters "enlightenment". With the exception of Allison Janney (The Oranges) who gives the stand out performance. I found it's use of mental illness and literature and grand notions to be annoying, cliche and inauthentic. Overall a cliche and over written drama.

#196 - Cold Showers "Douches Froides" (2005) Review


Cold Showers (2005), Antony Cordier
3/5

An interesting coming of age drama. The performances are great from a young cast. It is the story and themes that are strongest in this feature, focusing in notions of manhood, masculinity while being surrounded by the challenges of finishing school and competitive judo. All of these aspects including the relationship issues focus on how these tensions have changed in modern life.

Saturday, December 28, 2013

#195 - Smashed (2012) Review


Smashed (2012), James Ponsolt
3.5/5

A really poignant look at the reality of alcoholism, and very reminiscent of Half Nelson. The acting is beautiful and convincing, which doesn't divert into cliche fortunately. At the same time it is also a beautiful reverse love story that has poignant and real moments that keep it grounded and not melodramatic. The cinematography is soft and subtle, supporting the strong story and performances with great visuals that don't overpower or fill it with heavy handed metaphors. Overall a really great film that isn't overly ambitious, but has great performances and really interesting character drama.

#194 - Cloudburst (2011) Review


Cloudburst (2011), Thom Fitzgerald
3/5

At first glance this film might seem like an overly sentimental romance, but this film is delightfully vulgar and off-beat. The characters are great and excellently performed, with Olympia Dukakis giving an outstanding performance as Stella. While it doesn't really push the issues, it does fall into absurdity in the second act. However this is mostly a hilarious and moving story about the love of two women for over 30 years.

Friday, December 27, 2013

#193 - Frances Ha (2012) Review


Frances Ha (2012), Noah Baumbach
3/5

Very similar to Lola Versus (2012) including Greta Gerwig playing almost the same character. This feels like Sex and the City for generation Y. It is also similar to the show Girls even down to having Adam Driver in the cast (who played Adam in Girls). The loose plot follows Frances (Greta Gerwig) through her trials of friendship, career, work and relationships, or lack there of. However whereas Carrie in Sex and the City had charismatic charm, this film is full of realistic awkwardness and embarrassment. The choice of black and white for the film doesn't add anything to either the substance or artistically. Perhaps it's a throwback to Woody Allen's Annie Hall as a kind of homage to his films, that combined with the witty situation comedy and featuring New York link the films. However Frances Ha fails in comparison is it's attempt to find meaning and whimsy, something that Woody Allen did well. Instead the film becomes a study in disappointment and the characters seem pretentious and pathetic all at once. On the whole it was rather superficial, but easy watching and some funny moments.

#192 - The Railway Man (2013) Review


The Railway Man (2013), Jonathan Teplitzky
3/5

An interesting film that captures a quite unique story. A bit disappointing at times, I was more interested in the modern day story, but it instead used the 1980s timeline as a plot mechanic to delve into the past. There were a number of implausible areas in the plot, which can be put down to poor adaption of the real life story, whether due to time constraints or performances. Overall a film that is kind of predictable in it's story arc, but mostly restrained.

#191 - Gimme the Loot (2012) Review


Gimme the Loot (2012), Adam Leon
3.5/5

A highly enjoyable and brilliant small film. It's got a great vibe, music and performances from the young cast. Feels very realistic and organic with lots of long takes from a distance. The characters are quirky and funny. Overall really enjoyable and sweet first feature from writer/ director Adam Leon.

Thursday, December 26, 2013

#190 - Lymelife (2008) Review


Lymelife (2008), Derick Martini
3/5

An oddball comedy, focused around a dysfunctional family. It's definitely of the dysfunctional drama, but isn't quite the same calibre of Ice Storm (1997), but the performances are good and story is interesting. It's quirky and funny, well worth the watch with some big name characters (including Alec Baldwin) who give subtle and interesting performances.

Tuesday, December 24, 2013

Best Christmas Movies




1. Die Hard (1988), John McTiernan
4/5

This is hands down my favourite Christmas movie. Not only is it a great action film, it is also hilarious with great one liners, gross racism and awesome explosions. Bruce Willis gives a great performance, of which he's been type cast ever since and reprised his role in many awful sequels, none of which can top this as the role of his career. As well as the great christmas gags there is also the homage to westerns including John Wayne/ Roy Rodgers impersonations. Well worth another watch for those partial to a more explosive and bloody Christmas movie.


2. Merry Christmas (Joyeux Noel), (2005), Christian Carion - 4/5

This is not only a stunning Christmas movie, it is just an amazing film focusing on a christmas during the World War I. Performances are amazing, and the story, based on real life accounts is just heartbreakingly beautiful. A Christmas movie that will make you cry, but so worth it.



3. Gremlins (1984), Joe Dante - 3.5/5

Nothing really says Christmas like little monsters swinging from Christmas trees, lights and attacking people while singing along to Snow White and the Seven Dwarves. It also includes the most depressing Christmas story, that is awesomely out of place in this kids movie. The cheesy special effects and bloody Christmas make this a classic Christmas movie for the Gen X generation.





4. Eyes Wide Shut (1999), Stanley Kubrick - 4/5

If you're looking for a more sinister Christmas movie, you'll find nothing better than Eyes Wide Shut. This slow moving thriller is just a stunning visual and musical feast. It is lengthy, but so eerie and beautiful to watch.


5. Home Alone (1990), Chris Columbus - 3.5/5

A hilarious christmas movie, with lots of laughs, this is just a really fun kids movie.




6. The Grinch (2000), Ron Howard - 3.5/5

A hilarious adaptation of the Dr. Suess story, with Jim Carey as one of his best and most funny roles. It is a lot of fun, especially for those who aren't really that big fans of Christmas.


7. The Muppet Christmas Carol (1992), Brian Henson - 3.5/5

A really fun muppet adaptation of the traditional Charles Dickens story, with lots of laughs and some hilariously dated puppet action.



8. Bad Santa (2003), Terry Zwigoff
3/5

A darkly funny Christmas movie, which is surprisingly good, and not just base level humour. Good performances and awfully true depictions of real Christmas related annoyances. This film is definitely highly enjoyable for those who are Grinches about Christmas. 


#189 - Salmon Fishing in the Yemen (2011) Review


Salmon Fishing in the Yemen (2011), Lasse Hallstrom
2/5

Expectedly sappy and predictable with over the top acting, this film is unsurprisingly bland. Ewan McGregor overacts and the sappiness and emphasis of "faith" in this absurd story aren't endearing, they're just grossly melodramatic.

Sunday, December 22, 2013

#188 - Drinking Buddies (2013) Review


Drinking Buddies (2013), Joe Swanberg
3.5/5

While this is a low key quirky film it is the performances that really cement it as a great character study. It focuses on best friends Kate (Olivia Wilde, Butter) and Luke (Jake Johnson, New Girl, Safety not guaranteed). On the whole it's a small film, but it's charming and humorous and has substance. There's truth and authenticity in the story, while it is understated and doesn't fall into cliche or melodrama. Overall the performances just give it such a familiar feel as if you know these people or they could be some of your friends.

#187 - The Oranges (2011) Review


The Oranges (2011), Julian Farino
4/5

Darkly hilarious, this is a great quirky family drama about two interwoven families. A great combination of actors who play off each other with chemistry and authenticity. It is the great cast including Hugh Laurie (House), Allison Janney (The West Wing), Oliver Platt (The Big C), Katherine Keener (Being John Malkovich) and Alia Shawkat (Arrested Development) that really make this a highly enjoyable film. Combined with the great writing, it is witty, quirky and just laugh out loud funny in a dark and dry kind of way. It's also a pretty fun christmas movie about realistic family dramas.

#186 - Lola Versus (2012) Review


Lola Versus (2012), Daryl Wein
2.5/5

Slightly humorous at best, this film is the next generation of "Sex and the City" or "Girls" focused on self indulgent and immature women in their late 20s. There are a few great one liners and some funny awkward situations, but mostly the plot is predictable and melodramatic. This kind of film just demonstrates the lengthening adolescence and immaturity that is quite obnoxious and seemingly popular. Overall light and funny, but lacking in substance. 

#186 - Before Midnight (2013) Review


Before Midnight (2013), Richard Linklater
4/5

The third instalment in this relationship drama (Before Midnight and Before Sunset) brings together once again, Ethan Hawke, Julie Delpy and Richard Linklater. In true form, the writing is smart and witty. If overtly laden with meaning and also pretentiously intellectual. Amongst this I think the film and the characters (brilliantly played by Hawke and Delpy) which have great chemistry and drama that feels authentic. They delve into the same issues that they've confronted throughout the three films as well as dealing with getting older and the complexities of their lives now. These films definitely improve with age and this film is real and bitterly funny at times, but also authentically frustrating at times.

Saturday, December 21, 2013

#185 - Sleeping Beauty (2011) Review & Analysis


Sleeping Beauty (2011), Julia Leigh
4/5

Such an intriguing and sensuous Australian film with a great performance by Emily Browning, who plays the main character Lucy/ Sarah. The cinematography style is somewhere between Stanley Kubrick (Eyes Wide Shut) and the films of Sophia Coppola (The Virgin Suicides, Marie Antoinette). With it's slow moving camera, eerie quietness and blandly held shots. The dialogue is sparse and the film has a slow pace, which may not please mainstream audiences. This combined with the nudity and strange content, which may explain the mixed reviews. The film isn't about feminist agenda or overt sexuality. Rather it is a psychological drama, yet emotionally dissociated, focusing instead on the beautiful imagery. It is rich with metaphor in both the storyline and the visuals paralleling the traditional sleeping beauty fairytale in complex ways, bringing it both to a modern level while at the same time paying homage to the dark narrative of the original. Overall this is a mysterious, and strangely intriguing film, and whether you like it or not, it is definitely worth viewing.


Analysis

***SPOILERS***

This film explores such interesting themes and while it is laced with sexual innuendo and tension, there are no actual sex scenes, nor is there any kissing. However these themes are strongly conveyed through the use of visual metaphor and repetition of shots. For instance alongside the repeated statement of the madam Clara (played by Rachel Blake) that "you will not be penetrated", which she repeats to Lucy who she re-names "Sarah", but also repeats to each client a number of times throughout the film. In actual fact there are only a couple of instances in which Lucy is penetrated; she is repeatedly penetrated while taking part in medical experiments by a male researcher who she refers to as "Dr. Frankenstein" and he humorously calls her "Frankenstein's monster". In my opinion this indicates the role of science and medicine in the modern world and influence on our bodies and psychology. Considering that Lucy works in a number of odd jobs, she appears not only blithely sexual in nature, but "selling" her body in a number of ways. Firstly selling her body for scientific research, proffering people for sex in bars, working as a lingerie clad silver service waitress and finally as a "sleeping beauty". 


Above: 1st instance and Below: 2nd instance where Lucy is orally penetrated as part of research study


Below: 3rd instance in which Lucy is orally penetrated by the 2nd "prince"


Lucy seems to have a craving for sensual encounters, including the seduction, yet unrequited scene with a woman snorting cocaine (See below). Repeatedly throughout the film Lucy is seen imbibing a number of different state altering substances and alcohol. These are contrasted with the sleeping beauty "potion" or powdered sedative that she drinks as a tea very much framed as if she is having tea with her mother in a formal lounge. Colour and light are especially important in conveying meaning in this film. Lucy is often dressed in dark blues and greys which are contrasted with the white lingerie she wears while working as a silver service waitress (see below). Also it seems that Lucy's marble like pale skin is also appealing to the clients and further re-enforces the white virginal metaphor in contrast to the other women dressed in black which are more revealing than "Sarah"'s outfit which leaves more to the imagination. Contrastingly is the large portion of nudity that is in the film, much of which is non-sexual in nature. It appears that each client or "prince" takes a different approach and fulfils different desires in their sleeping beauty encounters. 


Above: Lucy snorts cocaine with a woman she meets at a bar
Below: Lucy's first night working as Silver service waitress



Above: After her first night working at the dinner service, Lucy comes home to silently set fire to a 100 dollar note, seemingly indifferent to money despite being somewhat broke and trying to make rent. 


Above: Lucy lying down at her temp job in this grey environment contrasting the beauty seen in her other job as a "sleeping beauty". Her experience is focalised because she is central in many shots. 


Above: Lucy proffers oral sex to a man in a bar, notice her dark dress and the dark lighting of the shot. 


Above: the repeated shot of Lucy as a sleeping beauty
Below: 1st "prince"


The first client/ prince says a long monologue to Clara telling a story of a man who feels dead while alive, voicing in allegory his own longing for youth and danger, as the man in the story only feels alive after being in a car accident. The second "prince"/ client while telling Clara that he doesn't want a sexual encounter with "Sarah" goes on to brutally inspect her while sleeping, throwing sexual "insults" at her while "choking" her by sticking his fingers down her throat (see above). The 3rd "prince" seems more relaxed and picks up Lucy, as if she is a bride over the threshold, mimicking the traditional idea of a prince rescuing a princess. However it breaks down the visual metaphor as he struggles to carry Lucy as a "dead" weight and Lucy drops to the floor, still sleeping in a state impervious to pain. 


Above: the 3rd "prince" carries Lucy
Below: the 3rd prince drops Lucy on the floor


Below: Lucy appears to have a growing obsession with what happens while she is working as a sleeping beauty. This isn't stated in dialogue, instead it is conveyed visually when she strokes a sleeping woman's face, on the train. 


Below: The only consensual and unpaid relationships Lucy has in the film is with her friend who is a drug addict and her one night stand with a guy she works with at her waitressing job (see below). In both these relationships she appears naked and nudity has specific connotations in the film. Lucy appears to equate affection with the submission of nudity or sexual relationships, as is demonstrated in the scene where her dying friend asks her to take her shirt off. 


While Lucy appears emotionally distant throughout the film, she is capable of strong emotions, which are demonstrated upon her realisation that her drug addicted friend refuses to go to rehab again and then when he is dying, she cries, while embracing him in bed. The repeated sleeping and bed imagery signify the differences in Lucy's relationship between each of the men and women in the film. In my opinion this is more interesting and conveys a special significance of the state of sleep itself, rather than being a simple analogy for sex. Thus, sleep represents a captured and elusive state of unawareness and Lucy's obsession with attempting to know what happens in the room. 


Above: Clara gives Lucy mouth to mouth to rouse her from slumber

While there isn't much overtly lesbian themes in the film, it is important to note the critical differences from the traditional tale. While Clara, the madam, represents the "evil" sorceress who puts her to sleep using the tea and powder she is also crucially the one he rouses Lucy from her slumber, awakening her with a "kiss", but instead she gives her mouth-to-mouth fearful that Lucy is dead. This importantly reverses the gender roles in the story, empowering the female characters sexually and in general. Another modern touch is the insertion of her mother as a shady character and not mentioning her father at all. In this way, it subtly demonstrates the issues Lucy has with establishing boundaries in relationships. As such Clara acts as both mother figure and evil sorceress, both by putting her to sleep and protecting her, by rousing her from sleep. Another interesting parallel is that the men are victims of sleep or death, as her friend dies beside her of a drug overdose, which she doesn't attempt to help, merely lying by his side, which is exactly repeated by the man who overdoses on the sleeping "potion" while she works as a sleeping beauty. This reflects a reversal of roles as Lucy awakens, while the prince dies, similar to the "Romeo and Juliet" story, and explains why Lucy wakes and realising the man beside her is dead begins screaming, framing her sense of helplessness and dissociation breaking open her awareness as a literal "awakening".